Originally published on NDT.net, July 2026
Total Focusing Method (TFM) is widely used in phased-array ultrasonic testing for the detection, characterisation, and sizing of indications. Phase Coherence Imaging (PCI) provides complementary capabilities, particularly for weak, diffractive, and small or complex reflectors. This paper presents the integration of both NDT imaging techniques within the Applus+ IWEX system enabling TFM and PCI data to be acquired simultaneously without compromising acquisition speed.
To evaluate the benefits of this dual-mode approach, double-sided scans were performed on a specimen containing a V-weld with porosity, a root crack, and a weld-interface crack. Additional measurements were conducted on side-drilled holes (SDH) and a specimen containing high-temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) fissures. Full Matrix Capture (FMC) data was acquired and processed into TFM and PCI images simultaneously and in real time, enabling direct comparison of the two techniques.
The results demonstrate that TFM and PCI provide complementary information: TFM is particularly effective for specular reflectors, while PCI enhances the detection and characterisation of weak and diffractive responses. For the SDH, PCI provided a 12 dB improvement in distinguishability from background noise compared with TFM. PCI also provided clearer resolution of crack features and improved the detectability of small HTHA fissures, while TFM effectively captured specular indications such as lack-of-fusion.
The parallel acquisition of TFM and PCI therefore enhances detection, characterisation, and interpretation across a range of indication types, providing inspectors with a more complete and robust assessment of critical components.
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